fix: upgrade Node.js to 20.20.0 to address async_hooks DoS vulnerability (#2890)

## Summary

- Upgrades Node.js from 20.19.0 to 20.20.0 (and 22.12.0 to 22.22.0 for
supervisor) to address the async_hooks stack overflow DoS vulnerability
- Adds `maxDepth` parameter (default 128) to `flattenAttributes` and
`unflattenAttributes` to prevent stack overflow on maliciously deep
nested structures

## Details

The vulnerability (patched in Node.js 20.20.0, 22.22.0, 24.13.0, 25.3.0)
causes unrecoverable crashes (exit code 7) when stack overflow occurs
during async_hooks callbacks. Since the webapp uses `AsyncLocalStorage`,
it was theoretically vulnerable.

### Changes

**Node.js version updates:**
- `docker/Dockerfile`: 20.11.1 → 20.20.0
- `apps/supervisor/Containerfile`: 22-alpine → 22.22.0-alpine
- `.nvmrc`: 20.19.0 → 20.20.0
- `apps/supervisor/.nvmrc`: 22.12.0 → 22.22.0
- `references/prisma-7/.nvmrc`: 20.19.0 → 20.20.0
- All GitHub workflows: 20.19.0 → 20.20.0

**Defense in depth:**
- Added `maxDepth` parameter to `flattenAttributes()` and
`unflattenAttributes()` in `packages/core` to prevent stack overflow on
deeply nested user input

## Test plan

- [x] All existing `flattenAttributes` tests pass (50 tests)
- [x] New tests for depth limiting added
- [x] Verify Docker builds work with new base images

.changeset/thirty-trainers-reflect.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@trigger.dev/core": patch
+---
+
+Add a maxDepth to flatten/unflattenAttributes to prevent possible issues

.github/workflows/changesets-pr.yml

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup node
         uses: buildjet/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 20.19.0
+          node-version: 20.20.0
           cache: "pnpm"
 
       - name: Install dependencies
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup node
         uses: buildjet/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 20.19.0
+          node-version: 20.20.0
 
       - name: Install and update lockfile
         run: pnpm install --no-frozen-lockfile

.github/workflows/claude.yml

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: ⎔ Setup node
         uses: buildjet/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 20.19.0
+          node-version: 20.20.0
           cache: "pnpm"
 
       - name: 📥 Download deps

.github/workflows/e2e.yml

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: ⎔ Setup node
         uses: buildjet/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 20.19.0
+          node-version: 20.20.0
 
       - name: 📥 Download deps
         run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile --filter trigger.dev...

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup node
         uses: buildjet/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 20.19.0
+          node-version: 20.20.0
           cache: "pnpm"
 
       # npm v11.5.1 or newer is required for OIDC support
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup node
         uses: buildjet/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 20.19.0
+          node-version: 20.20.0
           cache: "pnpm"
 
       # npm v11.5.1 or newer is required for OIDC support

.github/workflows/typecheck.yml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: ⎔ Setup node
         uses: buildjet/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 20.19.0
+          node-version: 20.20.0
           cache: "pnpm"
 
       - name: 📥 Download deps

.github/workflows/unit-tests-internal.yml

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: ⎔ Setup node
         uses: buildjet/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 20.19.0
+          node-version: 20.20.0
           cache: "pnpm"
 
       # ..to avoid rate limits when pulling images
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: ⎔ Setup node
         uses: buildjet/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 20.19.0
+          node-version: 20.20.0
           # no cache enabled, we're not installing deps
 
       - name: Download blob reports from GitHub Actions Artifacts

.github/workflows/unit-tests-packages.yml

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: ⎔ Setup node
         uses: buildjet/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 20.19.0
+          node-version: 20.20.0
           cache: "pnpm"
 
       # ..to avoid rate limits when pulling images
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: ⎔ Setup node
         uses: buildjet/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 20.19.0
+          node-version: 20.20.0
           # no cache enabled, we're not installing deps
 
       - name: Download blob reports from GitHub Actions Artifacts

.github/workflows/unit-tests-webapp.yml

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: ⎔ Setup node
         uses: buildjet/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 20.19.0
+          node-version: 20.20.0
           cache: "pnpm"
 
       # ..to avoid rate limits when pulling images
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: ⎔ Setup node
         uses: buildjet/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 20.19.0
+          node-version: 20.20.0
           # no cache enabled, we're not installing deps
 
       - name: Download blob reports from GitHub Actions Artifacts

.nvmrc

@@ -1 +1 @@
-v20.19.0
+v20.20.0

AGENTS.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ This repository is a pnpm monorepo managed with Turbo. It contains multiple apps
 See `ai/references/repo.md` for a more complete explanation of the workspaces.
 
 ## Development setup
-1. Install dependencies with `pnpm i` (pnpm `10.23.0` and Node.js `20.11.1` are required).
+1. Install dependencies with `pnpm i` (pnpm `10.23.0` and Node.js `20.20.0` are required).
 2. Copy `.env.example` to `.env` and generate a random 16 byte hex string for `ENCRYPTION_KEY` (`openssl rand -hex 16`). Update other secrets if needed.
 3. Start the local services with Docker:
    ```bash

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ branch are tagged into a release periodically.
 
 ### Prerequisites
 
-- [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en) version 20.11.1
+- [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en) version 20.20.0
 - [pnpm package manager](https://pnpm.io/installation) version 10.23.0
 - [Docker](https://www.docker.com/get-started/)
 - [protobuf](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf)
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ branch are tagged into a release periodically.
    ```
    cd trigger.dev
    ```
-3. Ensure you are on the correct version of Node.js (20.11.1). If you are using `nvm`, there is an `.nvmrc` file that will automatically select the correct version of Node.js when you navigate to the repository.
+3. Ensure you are on the correct version of Node.js (20.20.0). If you are using `nvm`, there is an `.nvmrc` file that will automatically select the correct version of Node.js when you navigate to the repository.
 
 4. Run `corepack enable` to use the correct version of pnpm (`10.23.0`) as specified in the root `package.json` file.
 

apps/supervisor/.nvmrc

@@ -1 +1 @@
-v22.12.0
+v22.22.0

apps/supervisor/Containerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM node:22-alpine@sha256:9bef0ef1e268f60627da9ba7d7605e8831d5b56ad07487d24d1aa386336d1944 AS node-22-alpine
+FROM node:22.22.0-alpine@sha256:bcccf7410b77ca7447d292f616c7b0a89deff87e335fe91352ea04ce8babf50f AS node-22-alpine
 
 WORKDIR /app
 

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-ARG NODE_IMAGE=node:20.11.1-bullseye-slim@sha256:5a5a92b3a8d392691c983719dbdc65d9f30085d6dcd65376e7a32e6fe9bf4cbe
+ARG NODE_IMAGE=node:20.20.0-bullseye-slim@sha256:f52726bba3d47831859be141b4a57d3f7b93323f8fddfbd8375386e2c3b72319
 
 FROM golang:1.23-alpine AS goose_builder
 RUN go install github.com/pressly/goose/v3/cmd/goose@latest

packages/core/src/v3/utils/flattenAttributes.ts

@@ -3,13 +3,16 @@ import { Attributes } from "@opentelemetry/api";
 export const NULL_SENTINEL = "$@null((";
 export const CIRCULAR_REFERENCE_SENTINEL = "$@circular((";
 
+const DEFAULT_MAX_DEPTH = 128;
+
 export function flattenAttributes(
   obj: unknown,
   prefix?: string,
-  maxAttributeCount?: number
+  maxAttributeCount?: number,
+  maxDepth: number = DEFAULT_MAX_DEPTH
 ): Attributes {
-  const flattener = new AttributeFlattener(maxAttributeCount);
-  flattener.doFlatten(obj, prefix);
+  const flattener = new AttributeFlattener(maxAttributeCount, maxDepth);
+  flattener.doFlatten(obj, prefix, 0);
   return flattener.attributes;
 }
 
@@ -18,7 +21,10 @@ class AttributeFlattener {
   private attributeCounter: number = 0;
   private result: Attributes = {};
 
-  constructor(private maxAttributeCount?: number) {}
+  constructor(
+    private maxAttributeCount?: number,
+    private maxDepth: number = DEFAULT_MAX_DEPTH
+  ) {}
 
   get attributes(): Attributes {
     return this.result;
@@ -37,11 +43,16 @@ class AttributeFlattener {
     return true;
   }
 
-  doFlatten(obj: unknown, prefix?: string) {
+  doFlatten(obj: unknown, prefix?: string, depth: number = 0) {
     if (!this.canAddMoreAttributes()) {
       return;
     }
 
+    // Check depth limit to prevent stack overflow
+    if (depth > this.maxDepth) {
+      return;
+    }
+
     // Check if obj is null or undefined
     if (obj === undefined) {
       return;
@@ -94,7 +105,7 @@ class AttributeFlattener {
       let index = 0;
       for (const item of obj) {
         if (!this.canAddMoreAttributes()) break;
-        this.#processValue(item, `${prefix || "set"}.[${index}]`);
+        this.#processValue(item, `${prefix || "set"}.[${index}]`, depth);
         index++;
       }
       return;
@@ -106,7 +117,7 @@ class AttributeFlattener {
         if (!this.canAddMoreAttributes()) break;
         // Use the key directly if it's a string, otherwise convert it
         const keyStr = typeof key === "string" ? key : String(key);
-        this.#processValue(value, `${prefix || "map"}.${keyStr}`);
+        this.#processValue(value, `${prefix || "map"}.${keyStr}`, depth);
       }
       return;
     }
@@ -196,15 +207,15 @@ class AttributeFlattener {
           if (!this.canAddMoreAttributes()) {
             break;
           }
-          this.#processValue(value[i], `${newPrefix}.[${i}]`);
+          this.#processValue(value[i], `${newPrefix}.[${i}]`, depth);
         }
       } else {
-        this.#processValue(value, newPrefix);
+        this.#processValue(value, newPrefix, depth);
       }
     }
   }
 
-  #processValue(value: unknown, prefix: string) {
+  #processValue(value: unknown, prefix: string, depth: number) {
     if (!this.canAddMoreAttributes()) {
       return;
     }
@@ -224,9 +235,9 @@ class AttributeFlattener {
       return;
     }
 
-    // Handle non-primitive values by recursing
+    // Handle non-primitive values by recursing (increment depth)
     if (typeof value === "object" || typeof value === "function") {
-      this.doFlatten(value as any, prefix);
+      this.doFlatten(value as any, prefix, depth + 1);
     } else {
       // Convert other types to strings (bigint, symbol, etc.)
       this.addAttribute(prefix, String(value));
@@ -240,7 +251,8 @@ function isRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
 
 export function unflattenAttributes(
   obj: Attributes,
-  filteredKeys?: string[]
+  filteredKeys?: string[],
+  maxDepth: number = DEFAULT_MAX_DEPTH
 ): Record<string, unknown> | string | number | boolean | null | undefined {
   if (typeof obj !== "object" || obj === null || Array.isArray(obj)) {
     return obj;
@@ -285,6 +297,11 @@ export function unflattenAttributes(
       [] as (string | number)[]
     );
 
+    // Skip keys that exceed max depth to prevent memory exhaustion
+    if (parts.length > maxDepth) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
     let current: any = result;
     for (let i = 0; i < parts.length - 1; i++) {
       const part = parts[i];

packages/core/test/flattenAttributes.test.ts

@@ -500,6 +500,53 @@ describe("flattenAttributes", () => {
     expect(result["bigint"]).toBe("999");
     expect(typeof result["symbol"]).toBe("string");
   });
+
+  it("respects maxDepth limit", () => {
+    const obj = {
+      a: {
+        b: {
+          c: {
+            d: {
+              e: {
+                f: "deep",
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    // With maxDepth of 3, should not include keys deeper than 3 levels
+    const result = flattenAttributes(obj, undefined, undefined, 3);
+
+    // a.b.c should exist (depth 3)
+    expect(result["a.b.c"]).toBeUndefined(); // c is an object, not a leaf
+    // a.b.c.d should not exist (would require going to depth 4)
+    expect(result["a.b.c.d"]).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(result["a.b.c.d.e.f"]).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it("does not crash with deeply nested objects", () => {
+    // Create object iteratively with 500 levels of nesting
+    let deepObj: any = { value: "leaf" };
+    for (let i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
+      deepObj = { n: deepObj };
+    }
+
+    // Should complete without stack overflow
+    expect(() => flattenAttributes(deepObj)).not.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it("does not crash with deeply nested arrays", () => {
+    // Create deeply nested array structure iteratively
+    let deepArray: any = ["leaf"];
+    for (let i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
+      deepArray = [deepArray];
+    }
+
+    // Should complete without stack overflow
+    expect(() => flattenAttributes({ arr: deepArray })).not.toThrow();
+  });
 });
 
 describe("unflattenAttributes", () => {
@@ -581,4 +628,43 @@ describe("unflattenAttributes", () => {
       blogPosts: [{ title: "Post 1", author: "[Circular Reference]" }],
     });
   });
+
+  it("respects maxDepth limit and skips overly deep keys", () => {
+    // Create a flattened object with keys at various depths
+    const flattened = {
+      "a.b.c": "shallow", // depth 3 - should be included
+      "a.b.c.d.e.f.g": "deep", // depth 7 - should be skipped with maxDepth=5
+      "x.y": "also shallow", // depth 2 - should be included
+    };
+
+    const result = unflattenAttributes(flattened, undefined, 5);
+
+    // Shallow keys should be included
+    expect(result).toHaveProperty("a.b.c", "shallow");
+    expect(result).toHaveProperty("x.y", "also shallow");
+
+    // Deep key should be skipped (not create the nested structure)
+    expect((result as any)?.a?.b?.c?.d?.e?.f?.g).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it("uses default maxDepth of 128", () => {
+    // Create a key with 129 parts - should be skipped
+    const deepKey = Array(129).fill("x").join(".");
+    const flattened = {
+      [deepKey]: "too deep",
+      "a.b": "shallow",
+    };
+
+    const result = unflattenAttributes(flattened);
+
+    // Shallow key should work
+    expect(result).toHaveProperty("a.b", "shallow");
+
+    // Deep key should be skipped
+    let current: any = result;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 129 && current; i++) {
+      current = current?.x;
+    }
+    expect(current).toBeUndefined();
+  });
 });

references/prisma-7/.nvmrc

@@ -1 +1 @@
-20.19.0
+20.20.0