feat: integrate UriTemplate into MCPServer resource templates

Refactors the internal `ResourceTemplate` to use the RFC 6570
`UriTemplate` engine for matching, and adds a configurable
`ResourceSecurity` policy for path-safety checks on extracted
parameters.

`ResourceTemplate.matches()` now:
- Delegates to `UriTemplate.match()` for full RFC 6570 Level 1-3
  support (plus path-style explode). `{+path}` can match
  multi-segment paths.
- Enforces structural integrity: `%2F` smuggled into a simple
  `{var}` is rejected.
- Applies `ResourceSecurity` policy: path traversal (`..` components)
  and absolute paths rejected by default, with per-parameter
  exemption available.

The `@mcp.resource()` decorator now parses the template once at
decoration time via `UriTemplate.parse()`, replacing the regex-based
param extraction that couldn't handle operators like `{+path}`.
Malformed templates surface immediately with a clear
`InvalidUriTemplate` including position info.

Also fixes the pre-existing bug where template literals were not
regex-escaped (a `.` in the template acted as a wildcard).

src/mcp/server/mcpserver/resources/resource_manager.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 from pydantic import AnyUrl
 
 from mcp.server.mcpserver.resources.base import Resource
-from mcp.server.mcpserver.resources.templates import ResourceTemplate
+from mcp.server.mcpserver.resources.templates import DEFAULT_RESOURCE_SECURITY, ResourceSecurity, ResourceTemplate
 from mcp.server.mcpserver.utilities.logging import get_logger
 from mcp.types import Annotations, Icon
 
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ class ResourceManager:
         icons: list[Icon] | None = None,
         annotations: Annotations | None = None,
         meta: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        security: ResourceSecurity = DEFAULT_RESOURCE_SECURITY,
     ) -> ResourceTemplate:
         """Add a template from a function."""
         template = ResourceTemplate.from_function(
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ class ResourceManager:
             icons=icons,
             annotations=annotations,
             meta=meta,
+            security=security,
         )
         self._templates[template.uri_template] = template
         return template

src/mcp/server/mcpserver/resources/templates.py

@@ -3,16 +3,17 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import inspect
-import re
-from collections.abc import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
-from urllib.parse import unquote
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, validate_call
 
 from mcp.server.mcpserver.resources.types import FunctionResource, Resource
 from mcp.server.mcpserver.utilities.context_injection import find_context_parameter, inject_context
 from mcp.server.mcpserver.utilities.func_metadata import func_metadata
+from mcp.shared.path_security import contains_path_traversal, is_absolute_path
+from mcp.shared.uri_template import UriTemplate
 from mcp.types import Annotations, Icon
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -20,6 +21,64 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from mcp.server.mcpserver.context import Context
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ResourceSecurity:
+    """Security policy applied to extracted resource template parameters.
+
+    These checks run **after** :meth:`~mcp.shared.uri_template.UriTemplate.match`
+    has already enforced structural integrity (e.g., rejected ``%2F`` in
+    simple ``{var}``). They catch semantic attacks that structural checks
+    cannot: ``..`` traversal and absolute-path injection work even with
+    perfectly-formed URI components.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # Opt out for a parameter that legitimately contains ..
+        @mcp.resource(
+            "git://diff/{+range}",
+            security=ResourceSecurity(exempt_params=frozenset({"range"})),
+        )
+        def git_diff(range: str) -> str: ...
+    """
+
+    reject_path_traversal: bool = True
+    """Reject values containing ``..`` as a path component."""
+
+    reject_absolute_paths: bool = True
+    """Reject values that look like absolute filesystem paths."""
+
+    exempt_params: frozenset[str] = field(default_factory=frozenset[str])
+    """Parameter names to skip all checks for."""
+
+    def validate(self, params: Mapping[str, str | list[str]]) -> bool:
+        """Check all parameter values against the configured policy.
+
+        Args:
+            params: Extracted template parameters. List values (from
+                explode variables) are checked element-wise.
+
+        Returns:
+            ``True`` if all values pass; ``False`` on first violation.
+        """
+        for name, value in params.items():
+            if name in self.exempt_params:
+                continue
+            values = value if isinstance(value, list) else [value]
+            for v in values:
+                if self.reject_path_traversal and contains_path_traversal(v):
+                    return False
+                if self.reject_absolute_paths and is_absolute_path(v):
+                    return False
+        return True
+
+
+DEFAULT_RESOURCE_SECURITY = ResourceSecurity()
+"""Secure-by-default policy: traversal and absolute paths rejected."""
+
+UNSAFE_RESOURCE_SECURITY = ResourceSecurity(reject_path_traversal=False, reject_absolute_paths=False)
+"""No path checks. Use only when parameters are never used as filesystem paths."""
+
+
 class ResourceTemplate(BaseModel):
     """A template for dynamically creating resources."""
 
@@ -34,6 +93,8 @@ class ResourceTemplate(BaseModel):
     fn: Callable[..., Any] = Field(exclude=True)
     parameters: dict[str, Any] = Field(description="JSON schema for function parameters")
     context_kwarg: str | None = Field(None, description="Name of the kwarg that should receive context")
+    parsed_template: UriTemplate = Field(exclude=True, description="Parsed RFC 6570 template")
+    security: ResourceSecurity = Field(exclude=True, description="Path-safety policy for extracted parameters")
 
     @classmethod
     def from_function(
@@ -48,12 +109,20 @@ class ResourceTemplate(BaseModel):
         annotations: Annotations | None = None,
         meta: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         context_kwarg: str | None = None,
+        security: ResourceSecurity = DEFAULT_RESOURCE_SECURITY,
     ) -> ResourceTemplate:
-        """Create a template from a function."""
+        """Create a template from a function.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidUriTemplate: If ``uri_template`` is malformed or uses
+                unsupported RFC 6570 features.
+        """
         func_name = name or fn.__name__
         if func_name == "<lambda>":
             raise ValueError("You must provide a name for lambda functions")  # pragma: no cover
 
+        parsed = UriTemplate.parse(uri_template)
+
         # Find context parameter if it exists
         if context_kwarg is None:  # pragma: no branch
             context_kwarg = find_context_parameter(fn)
@@ -80,20 +149,28 @@ class ResourceTemplate(BaseModel):
             fn=fn,
             parameters=parameters,
             context_kwarg=context_kwarg,
+            parsed_template=parsed,
+            security=security,
         )
 
-    def matches(self, uri: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
-        """Check if URI matches template and extract parameters.
+    def matches(self, uri: str) -> dict[str, str | list[str]] | None:
+        """Check if a URI matches this template and extract parameters.
 
-        Extracted parameters are URL-decoded to handle percent-encoded characters.
+        Delegates to :meth:`UriTemplate.match` for RFC 6570 matching
+        with structural integrity (``%2F`` smuggling rejected for simple
+        vars), then applies this template's :class:`ResourceSecurity`
+        policy (path traversal, absolute paths).
+
+        Returns:
+            Extracted parameters on success, or ``None`` if the URI
+            doesn't match or a parameter fails security validation.
         """
-        # Convert template to regex pattern
-        pattern = self.uri_template.replace("{", "(?P<").replace("}", ">[^/]+)")
-        match = re.match(f"^{pattern}$", uri)
-        if match:
-            # URL-decode all extracted parameter values
-            return {key: unquote(value) for key, value in match.groupdict().items()}
-        return None
+        params = self.parsed_template.match(uri)
+        if params is None:
+            return None
+        if not self.security.validate(params):
+            return None
+        return params
 
     async def create_resource(
         self,

src/mcp/server/mcpserver/server.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import base64
 import inspect
 import json
-import re
 from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Callable, Iterable, Sequence
 from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager, asynccontextmanager
 from typing import Any, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, overload
@@ -43,6 +42,7 @@ from mcp.server.streamable_http import EventStore
 from mcp.server.streamable_http_manager import StreamableHTTPSessionManager
 from mcp.server.transport_security import TransportSecuritySettings
 from mcp.shared.exceptions import MCPError
+from mcp.shared.uri_template import UriTemplate
 from mcp.types import (
     Annotations,
     BlobResourceContents,
@@ -668,6 +668,13 @@ class MCPServer(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
                 data = await fetch_weather(city)
                 return f"Weather for {city}: {data}"
             ```
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidUriTemplate: If ``uri`` is not a valid RFC 6570 template.
+            ValueError: If URI template parameters don't match the
+                function's parameters.
+            TypeError: If the decorator is applied without being called
+                (``@resource`` instead of ``@resource("uri")``).
         """
         # Check if user passed function directly instead of calling decorator
         if callable(uri):
@@ -676,18 +683,21 @@ class MCPServer(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
                 "Did you forget to call it? Use @resource('uri') instead of @resource"
             )
 
+        # Parse once, early — surfaces malformed-template errors at
+        # decoration time with a clear position, and gives us correct
+        # variable names for all RFC 6570 operators.
+        parsed = UriTemplate.parse(uri)
+        uri_params = set(parsed.variable_names)
+
         def decorator(fn: _CallableT) -> _CallableT:
             # Check if this should be a template
             sig = inspect.signature(fn)
-            has_uri_params = "{" in uri and "}" in uri
             has_func_params = bool(sig.parameters)
 
-            if has_uri_params or has_func_params:
+            if uri_params or has_func_params:
                 # Check for Context parameter to exclude from validation
                 context_param = find_context_parameter(fn)
 
-                # Validate that URI params match function params (excluding context)
-                uri_params = set(re.findall(r"{(\w+)}", uri))
                 # We need to remove the context_param from the resource function if
                 # there is any.
                 func_params = {p for p in sig.parameters.keys() if p != context_param}

tests/server/mcpserver/resources/test_resource_template.py

@@ -6,9 +6,80 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 from mcp.server.mcpserver import Context, MCPServer
 from mcp.server.mcpserver.resources import FunctionResource, ResourceTemplate
+from mcp.server.mcpserver.resources.templates import (
+    DEFAULT_RESOURCE_SECURITY,
+    UNSAFE_RESOURCE_SECURITY,
+    ResourceSecurity,
+)
 from mcp.types import Annotations
 
 
+def _make(uri_template: str, security: ResourceSecurity = DEFAULT_RESOURCE_SECURITY) -> ResourceTemplate:
+    def handler(**kwargs: Any) -> str:
+        return "ok"
+
+    return ResourceTemplate.from_function(fn=handler, uri_template=uri_template, security=security)
+
+
+def test_matches_rfc6570_reserved_expansion():
+    # {+path} allows / — the feature the old regex implementation couldn't support
+    t = _make("file://docs/{+path}")
+    assert t.matches("file://docs/src/main.py") == {"path": "src/main.py"}
+
+
+def test_matches_rejects_encoded_slash_in_simple_var():
+    # Path traversal via encoded slash: %2F smuggled into a simple {var}
+    t = _make("file://docs/{name}")
+    assert t.matches("file://docs/..%2F..%2Fetc%2Fpasswd") is None
+
+
+def test_matches_rejects_path_traversal_by_default():
+    t = _make("file://docs/{name}")
+    assert t.matches("file://docs/..") is None
+
+
+def test_matches_rejects_path_traversal_in_reserved_var():
+    # Even {+path} gets the traversal check — it's semantic, not structural
+    t = _make("file://docs/{+path}")
+    assert t.matches("file://docs/../../etc/passwd") is None
+
+
+def test_matches_rejects_absolute_path():
+    t = _make("file://docs/{+path}")
+    assert t.matches("file://docs//etc/passwd") is None
+
+
+def test_matches_allows_dotdot_as_substring():
+    # .. is only dangerous as a path component
+    t = _make("git://refs/{range}")
+    assert t.matches("git://refs/v1.0..v2.0") == {"range": "v1.0..v2.0"}
+
+
+def test_matches_exempt_params_skip_security():
+    policy = ResourceSecurity(exempt_params=frozenset({"range"}))
+    t = _make("git://diff/{+range}", security=policy)
+    assert t.matches("git://diff/../foo") == {"range": "../foo"}
+
+
+def test_matches_unsafe_policy_disables_checks():
+    t = _make("file://docs/{name}", security=UNSAFE_RESOURCE_SECURITY)
+    assert t.matches("file://docs/..") == {"name": ".."}
+
+
+def test_matches_explode_checks_each_segment():
+    t = _make("api{/parts*}")
+    assert t.matches("api/a/b/c") == {"parts": ["a", "b", "c"]}
+    # Any segment with traversal rejects the whole match
+    assert t.matches("api/a/../c") is None
+
+
+def test_matches_escapes_template_literals():
+    # Regression: old impl treated . as regex wildcard
+    t = _make("data://v1.0/{id}")
+    assert t.matches("data://v1.0/42") == {"id": "42"}
+    assert t.matches("data://v1X0/42") is None
+
+
 class TestResourceTemplate:
     """Test ResourceTemplate functionality."""
 

tests/server/mcpserver/test_server.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from mcp.server.mcpserver.resources import FileResource, FunctionResource
 from mcp.server.mcpserver.utilities.types import Audio, Image
 from mcp.server.transport_security import TransportSecuritySettings
 from mcp.shared.exceptions import MCPError
+from mcp.shared.uri_template import InvalidUriTemplate
 from mcp.types import (
     AudioContent,
     BlobResourceContents,
@@ -141,6 +142,23 @@ class TestServer:
             def get_data(x: str) -> str:  # pragma: no cover
                 return f"Data: {x}"
 
+    async def test_resource_decorator_rfc6570_reserved_expansion(self):
+        # Regression: old regex-based param extraction couldn't see `path`
+        # in `{+path}` and failed with a confusing mismatch error.
+        mcp = MCPServer()
+
+        @mcp.resource("file://docs/{+path}")
+        def read_doc(path: str) -> str:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        templates = await mcp.list_resource_templates()
+        assert [t.uri_template for t in templates] == ["file://docs/{+path}"]
+
+    async def test_resource_decorator_rejects_malformed_template(self):
+        mcp = MCPServer()
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidUriTemplate, match="Unclosed expression"):
+            mcp.resource("file://{name")
+
 
 class TestDnsRebindingProtection:
     """Tests for automatic DNS rebinding protection on localhost.