---
title: "Tasks: Overview"
sidebarTitle: "Tasks"
description: "Tasks are functions that can run for a long time and provide strong resilience to failure."
---

There are different types of tasks including [regular tasks](/v3/tasks-regular), [scheduled tasks](/v3/tasks-scheduled), [zod tasks](/v3/tasks-zod) and [webhook tasks](/v3/tasks-webhooks).

## Hello world task and how to trigger it

Here's an incredibly simple task:

```ts /trigger/hello-world.ts
import { task } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";

//1. You need to export each task
export const helloWorld = task({
  //2. Use a unique id for each task
  id: "hello-world",
  //3. The run function is the main function of the task
  run: async (payload: { message: string }) => {
    //4. You can write code that runs for a long time here, there are no timeouts
    console.log(payload.message);
  },
});
```

You can trigger this in two ways:

1. From the dashboard [using the "Test" feature](/v3/develop-run-tests).
2. Trigger it from your backend code. See the [full triggering guide here](/v3/triggering).

Here's how to trigger a single run from elsewhere in your code:

```ts Your backend code
import { helloWorldTask } from "./trigger/hello-world";

async function triggerHelloWorld() {
  //This triggers the task and return a handle
  const handle = await helloWorld.trigger({ payload: { message: "Hello world!" } });

  //You can use the handle to check the status of the task, cancel and retry it.
  console.log("Task is running with handle", handle.id);
}
```

You can also [trigger a task from another task](/v3/triggering), and wait for the result.

## Defining a `task`

The task function takes an object with the following fields.

### The `id` field

This is used to identify your task so it can be triggered, managed, and you can view runs in the dashboard. This must be unique in your project – we recommend making it descriptive and unique.

### The `run` function

Your custom code inside `run()` will be executed when your task is triggered. It’s an async function that has two arguments:

1. The run payload - the data that you pass to the task when you trigger it.
2. An object with `ctx` about the run ([Context](/v3/reference-context)), and any output from the optional `init` function that runs before every run attempt.

Anything you return from the `run` function will be the result of the task. Data you return must be JSON serializable: strings, numbers, booleans, arrays, objects, and null.

### `retry` options

A task is retried if an error is thrown, by default we retry 3 times.

You can set the number of retries and the delay between retries in the `retry` field:

```ts /trigger/retry.ts
export const taskWithRetries = task({
  id: "task-with-retries",
  retry: {
    maxAttempts: 10,
    factor: 1.8,
    minTimeoutInMs: 500,
    maxTimeoutInMs: 30_000,
    randomize: false,
  },
  run: async ({ payload, ctx }) => {
    //...
  },
});
```

For more information read [the retrying guide](/v3/retrying), or see the [SDK reference](/v3/reference-task).

It's also worth mentioning that you can [retry a block of code](/v3/retrying) inside your tasks as well.

### `queue` options

Queues allow you to control the concurrency of your tasks. This allows you to have one-at-a-time execution and parallel executions. There are also more advanced techniques like having different concurrencies for different sets of your users. For more information read [the concurrency & queues guide](/v3/queue-concurrency).

```ts /trigger/one-at-a-time.ts
export const oneAtATime = task({
  id: "one-at-a-time",
  queue: {
    concurrencyLimit: 1,
  },
  run: async ({ payload, ctx }) => {
    //...
  },
});
```

### `machine` options

Some tasks require more vCPUs or GBs of RAM. You can specify these requirements in the `machine` field. For more information read [the machines guide](/v3/machines).

```ts /trigger/heavy-task.ts
export const heavyTask = task({
  id: "heavy-task",
  machine: {
    cpu: 2,
    memory: 4,
  },
  run: async ({ payload, ctx }) => {
    //...
  },
});
```

### `init` function

This function is called before a run attempt.

### `cleanup` function

This function is called after a run attempt has succeeded or failed.

### `middleware` function

This function is called before the `run` function, it allows you to wrap the run function with custom code. For more information [read the guide](/v3/middleware).

### `onSuccess` function

When a task attempt succeeds, the `onSuccess` function is called. It's useful for sending notifications, logging, or other side effects.

<Snippet file="coming-soon-slim.mdx" />

### `onError` function

When a task attempt fails, the `onError` function is called. It's useful for sending notifications, logging, or other side effects.

<Snippet file="coming-soon-slim.mdx" />

## Next steps

<CardGroup>
  <Card title="Writing tasks" icon="wand-magic-sparkles" href="/v3/writing-tasks-introduction">
    Tasks are the core of Trigger.dev. Learn how to write them.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>