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Python

"""Two error channels: ToolError -> is_error result; MCPError -> JSON-RPC protocol error."""
from mcp.server.mcpserver import MCPServer
from mcp.server.mcpserver.exceptions import ToolError
from mcp.shared.exceptions import MCPError
from mcp.types import INVALID_PARAMS
from stories._hosting import run_server_from_args
def build_server() -> MCPServer:
mcp = MCPServer("error-handling-example")
@mcp.tool()
def divide(a: float, b: float) -> float:
"""Divide a by b. Division by zero is an execution error the LLM should see."""
if b == 0:
# ToolError is caught by the tool wrapper and returned as
# CallToolResult(is_error=True) — the LLM reads the message and can
# self-correct.
raise ToolError("cannot divide by zero")
return a / b
@mcp.tool()
def restricted() -> str:
"""A tool that always rejects the caller at the protocol level."""
# MCPError escapes the tool wrapper and becomes a JSON-RPC error
# response — the *host* sees code/message/data, not the LLM.
raise MCPError(code=INVALID_PARAMS, message="this tool is gated", data={"reason": "demo"})
return mcp
if __name__ == "__main__":
run_server_from_args(build_server)