<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
> [!NOTE]
> Optimizes file uploads in both JS and Python SDKs to avoid unnecessary
reads and add broader input support.
>
> - JS SDK: `Filesystem.write`/`writeFiles` now build a single
`FormData` using `toBlob` (new util) to pass
`string`/`ArrayBuffer`/`Blob`/`ReadableStream` without pre-reading;
updated tests add `ReadableStream` coverage
> - Python SDK (sync/async): `write_files` accepts `str`/`bytes`
directly, reads `TextIOBase`, and passes `IOBase` (binary) streams
through without reading; new tests cover `BytesIO` and `StringIO`
> - Changeset: patch bumps for `@e2b/python-sdk` and `e2b`
>
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<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
> [!NOTE]
> Ensures deterministic tar.gz archives during upload to prevent
content-length mismatches.
>
> - In `tarFileStream`, switch gzip option from `true` to `gzip: {
portable: true }` to produce stable gzip headers without altering file
modes
> - Adds a changeset noting a patch release for this behavior change
>
> <sup>Written by [Cursor
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---------
Co-authored-by: noamzbr <noamzbr@users.noreply.github.com>
<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
> [!NOTE]
> **Python version floor raised**
>
> - Require `python ^3.10` in `pyproject.toml` and `.tool-versions`;
update `poetry.lock` metadata and deps to remove 3.9-only
packages/markers
> - Update `Makefile` `datamodel-codegen` to `--target-python-version
3.10`
> - Add changeset entry documenting the drop of Python 3.9 support
>
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To fix the inconsistency between the Python SDK and the JS SDK, add
writeFiles to the JS SDK. (no changes made to write function)
---------
Co-authored-by: Mish Ushakov <10400064+mishushakov@users.noreply.github.com>
<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
> [!NOTE]
> Adds the ability to execute commands inside a running sandbox from the
CLI.
>
> - New `sandbox exec` command (`exec.ts`): runs a command in a
specified sandbox, supports `--background`, `--cwd`, `--user`, and
repeatable `--env` options; streams stdout/stderr; returns remote exit
code; explicitly disallows stdin piping due to protocol limitations
> - Signal handling utility (`utils/signal.ts`): installs/removes
handlers to kill the remote process on termination signals
> - Registers `exec` in `sandbox/index.ts`
> - Updates `configOption` help in `options.ts` to recommend the new
build system
> - Adds changeset for `@e2b/cli` minor release
>
> <sup>Written by [Cursor
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<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
> [!NOTE]
> Aligns metrics APIs to use Unix seconds (no milliseconds) for
`start`/`end` across SDKs.
>
> - **JS SDK**: `SandboxMetricsOpts` `start`/`end` now `Date` only;
convert to seconds before calling `GET /sandboxes/{sandboxID}/metrics`.
> - **Python SDK (async/sync)**: send `int(timestamp())` for
`start`/`end` instead of milliseconds.
> - **Tests**: JS and Python tests now pass `start`/`end` and validate
non-empty results.
> - **Changesets**: patch notes for `e2b` and `@e2b/python-sdk`.
>
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## Summary
The public API accepts `Optional[float]` for timeout parameters (e.g.,
`60.0`), but `_create_stream_timeout` was typed as `Optional[int]` and
passed the value directly to `str()`, producing `'60000.0'` instead of
`'60000'`.
The Go backend's `strconv.ParseInt` fails on float strings, causing
'invalid syntax' errors for valid timeout values.
## Changes
- Updates type hint to `Optional[float]` for consistency with public API
- Wraps `timeout * 1000` in `int()` before `str()` conversion
## Test
```python
# Before: str(60.0 * 1000) -> '60000.0' (fails ParseInt)
# After: str(int(60.0 * 1000)) -> '60000' (works)
```
Fixes#1063
small follow-up to #1068
<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
---
> [!NOTE]
> Aligns alias existence error handling across SDKs to use
template-specific errors.
>
> - JS: `checkAliasExists` now passes `TemplateError` to
`handleApiError` and imports `TemplateError` in `buildApi.ts`
> - Python: `check_alias_exists` uses `TemplateException` in both async
and sync `build_api.py`
> - Adds changeset for patch releases of `@e2b/python-sdk` and `e2b`
>
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<!-- /CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
Integration tests will fail until the feature is deployed in E2B Cloud
production.
<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
---
> [!NOTE]
> Enables checking template alias availability from both SDKs.
>
> - JS: Implements `checkAliasExists` in `template/buildApi.ts`, exposes
`Template.aliasExists` in `template/index.ts`, adds `AliasExistsOptions`
type and tests
> - Python: Adds `Template.alias_exists` and
`AsyncTemplate.alias_exists` wired to generated
`get_templates_aliases_{alias}` client; includes sync/async tests
> - API: Regenerates schemas/clients to include `GET
/templates/aliases/{alias}`, template build logs endpoint and
parameters, and supporting models (e.g., `TemplateAliasResponse`)
>
> <sup>Written by [Cursor
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---------
Co-authored-by: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
> [!NOTE]
> Adds support for parsing ownership on file copy operations in
Dockerfile-based templates.
>
> - JS: Update `dockerfileParser.ts` to treat `COPY/ADD` as
`ModifiableInstruction`, parse `--chown` via `instruction.getFlags()`,
and pass `user` to `templateBuilder.copy(src, dest, { user })`
> - Python: Update `_handle_copy_instruction` in `dockerfile_parser.py`
to extract `--chown=<user[:group]>` and pass `user` to
`template_builder.copy(src, dest, user=user)`
> - Tests: Add JS and Python (sync/async) tests verifying `COPY --chown`
parsing and argument propagation
> - Changeset: Patch releases for `@e2b/python-sdk` and `e2b`
>
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<!-- /CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
## Summary
- Fixes garbled Unicode and box-drawing character rendering when running
tmux inside E2B sandboxes
- Adds `LANG=C.UTF-8` and `LC_ALL=C.UTF-8` environment variable defaults
to PTY creation in both JS/TS and Python SDKs
## Problem
When running applications like Claude Code inside tmux in an E2B
sandbox, Unicode characters and box-drawing glyphs render incorrectly:
**Before (broken):**
- Box-drawing characters appear as broken dashes
- Text alignment is garbled
- The Claude mascot renders as `------` instead of proper pixel art
**After (fixed):**
- Proper Unicode rendering
- Correct box-drawing characters
- Properly aligned text
## Root Cause
The PTY session was created with `TERM=xterm-256color` but without UTF-8
locale settings. Running `locale` in the sandbox showed:
```
LANG=
LC_CTYPE="POSIX"
LC_ALL=
```
tmux requires UTF-8 locale settings to properly render Unicode
characters. Without them, it falls back to ASCII-only rendering.
## Solution
Set `LANG` and `LC_ALL` to `C.UTF-8` by default when creating PTY
sessions. This locale is:
- Available on most modern Linux distributions
- Provides UTF-8 character encoding
- Portable and doesn't require specific locale packages
The fix uses `setdefault` (Python) / nullish coalescing (JS) to allow
users to override these values if needed.
## Files Changed
| File | Change |
|------|--------|
| `packages/js-sdk/src/sandbox/commands/pty.ts` | Add LANG and LC_ALL
defaults |
| `packages/python-sdk/e2b/sandbox_async/commands/pty.py` | Add LANG and
LC_ALL defaults |
| `packages/python-sdk/e2b/sandbox_sync/commands/pty.py` | Add LANG and
LC_ALL defaults |
🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)
<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
---
> [!NOTE]
> **Fix tmux Unicode rendering by enforcing UTF-8 locale in PTYs**
>
> - In PTY creation (JS `pty.ts`, Python async/sync `pty.py`), default
`LANG` and `LC_ALL` to `C.UTF-8`; set `TERM` only if not already
provided
> - Adds changeset entry documenting the patch
>
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Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Add a note to the template environment variables that they exist only
during template build, so users don't get confused.
---------
Co-authored-by: Mish <10400064+mishushakov@users.noreply.github.com>
<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
> [!NOTE]
> Introduce `connect` methods to attach to running PTY sessions across
JS and Python SDKs, with tests and default timeout handling.
>
> - **SDKs**:
> - **JS (`packages/js-sdk/src/sandbox/commands/pty.ts`)**:
> - Add `Pty.connect(pid, opts?)` to attach to running PTYs; accepts
`PtyConnectOpts` with `onData`, `timeoutMs`, and `requestTimeoutMs`.
> - Factor default PTY connection timeout via
`defaultPtyConnectionTimeout` and apply to `create`/`connect` calls.
> - **Python**:
> - Async: Add `AsyncSandbox.pty.connect(pid, on_data, timeout?,
request_timeout?)` in `e2b/sandbox_async/commands/pty.py`.
> - Sync: Add `sandbox.pty.connect(pid, timeout?, request_timeout?)` in
`e2b/sandbox_sync/commands/pty.py`.
> - **Tests**:
> - JS: `packages/js-sdk/tests/sandbox/pty/ptyConnect.test.ts` validates
connect/reconnect and output handling.
> - Python: async and sync tests under
`packages/python-sdk/tests/.../pty/test_pty_connect.py` verify
reconnection and exit codes.
> - **Release**:
> - Changeset: minor version bumps for `@e2b/python-sdk` and `e2b`; note
“added option to connect to a running pty session”.
>
> <sup>Written by [Cursor
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<!-- /CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
---------
Co-authored-by: Mish <10400064+mishushakov@users.noreply.github.com>
## Summary
Fixes#1045
`getCallerDirectory()` fails in ESM modules because
`CallSite.getFileName()` returns
`file://` URLs, but `path.dirname()` doesn't handle URLs.
**Fix:** Convert `file://` URLs to filesystem paths using
`fileURLToPath()` before
passing to `path.dirname()`.
## Changes
- Added `fileURLToPath` import from `node:url`
- Updated `getCallerDirectory()` to handle `file://` URLs
- Added unit tests for ESM URL handling
## Testing
- Built the SDK locally (`pnpm run build`)
- Linked to a test ESM project using my [reproduction
repository](https://github.com/bxxf/e2b-template-issue-repro) (`pnpm
link`)
- Verified `Template().copy()` works without `ENOENT` errors
- All existing tests pass
---------
Co-authored-by: Filip Brebera <filip.brebera@gendigital.com>
Co-authored-by: Mish <10400064+mishushakov@users.noreply.github.com>
What was happening is that the following snippet:
```dockerfile
CMD ["sleep", "20"]
```
Was incorrectly converted to:
```
sleep, 20
```
<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
---
> [!NOTE]
> Fixes parsing of Dockerfile CMD/ENTRYPOINT array syntax to a proper
start command and updates tests accordingly.
>
> - **Python SDK**:
> - `e2b/template/dockerfile_parser.py`: Parse CMD/ENTRYPOINT JSON array
(e.g., `["sleep", "20"]`) into a space-joined command (`sleep 20`) and
set as `start_cmd`.
> - **Tests**:
> - JS SDK and Python (sync/async): Add ENTRYPOINT case and assert
`startCmd`/`_start_cmd` equals `sleep 20`.
> - **Release**:
> - Changeset: patch bump for `@e2b/python-sdk`.
>
> <sup>Written by [Cursor
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<!-- /CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
> [!NOTE]
> Add Windows to CI matrices and make JS/Python utils and tests
cross-platform via path handling updates.
>
> - **CI**:
> - Add Windows to test matrices in `cli_tests.yml`, `js_sdk_tests.yml`,
`python_sdk_tests.yml`; set bash shell/workdirs; disable fail-fast for
some jobs.
> - Python CI runs `pytest -n 4` via Poetry.
> - **JS SDK**:
> - Path normalization for globbing (`normalizePath`) and use of
`Path.relativePosix()` in hashing and tar creation in
`src/template/utils.ts`.
> - **Python SDK**:
> - Add `normalize_path` and use forward-slash glob patterns in
`e2b/template/utils.py`.
> - **Tests**:
> - Make stack trace parsing robust to Windows paths; use `basename` in
file assertions; adjust Python tar tests tempdir fixture handling.
> - **Changeset**: add patch note for windows-related fixes.
>
> <sup>Written by [Cursor
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---------
Co-authored-by: Joseph Lombrozo <joe.lombrozo@e2b.dev>
Fixes issue https://github.com/e2b-dev/E2B/issues/1032
<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
---
> [!NOTE]
> Preserve Dockerfile USER/WORKDIR when provided and only apply E2B
defaults if absent, with tests and CLI fixtures updated accordingly.
>
> - **Dockerfile parsing (SDKs)**:
> - **JS (`packages/js-sdk/src/template/dockerfileParser.ts`)**: Track
`USER`/`WORKDIR` usage and only set E2B defaults (`user`, `/home/user`)
if not specified; keep Docker defaults (`root`, `/`) initially.
> - **Python
(`packages/python-sdk/e2b/template/dockerfile_parser.py`)**: Same
behavior—preserve explicit `USER`/`WORKDIR`, fallback to defaults only
when absent.
> - **Tests**:
> - **JS**: Add tests for default vs. custom `USER`/`WORKDIR` in
`fromMethods.test.ts`.
> - **Python (async/sync)**: Add analogous tests in
`test_from_methods.py`.
> - **CLI template fixtures**:
> - Update expected outputs to remove redundant
`.set_user('user')`/`.set_workdir('/home/user')` when already specified;
minor ordering tweak for `.setStartCmd` in TS fixture.
> - **Changeset**:
> - Minor version bumps for `@e2b/python-sdk` and `e2b`; note: keep
Docker `WORKDIR` and `USER` if specified.
>
> <sup>Written by [Cursor
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<!-- /CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
- removed machine, os, processor, release default headers (these do not
occur in the JS version)
- particularly, "processor" header was causing issues on Windows due to
incorrect formatting/escape.
<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
---
> [!NOTE]
> Removes unnecessary default headers from the Python SDK API client and
adds a patch changeset.
>
> - **Python SDK**:
> - Trim `default_headers` in `packages/python-sdk/e2b/api/metadata.py`
by removing `machine`, `os`, `processor`, and `release`.
> - **Release**:
> - Add changeset to publish a patch for `@e2b/python-sdk`.
>
> <sup>Written by [Cursor
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This takes some shortcuts in order to keep backwards compatibility.
<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
---
> [!NOTE]
> Reuses a singleton httpx transport/client across the SDK, introduces a
generic retry decorator for connect calls, and refactors code/tests to
use the shared clients and fixtures.
>
> - **SDK (transport/client reuse)**
> - Add global `limits` (configurable via `E2B_*` env vars) and switch
`ApiClient` to accept `transport` instead of `limits`.
> - Introduce `e2b.api.client_async/client_sync` with `get_transport()`
(singleton) and `get_api_client()`; update `Sandbox`/`AsyncSandbox`,
paginators, and sandbox APIs to use them.
> - Remove per-class `_limits` from `SandboxBase`/`TemplateBase`; merge
extra headers correctly; pass `E2b-Sandbox-Port` as string.
> - Template build flows (sync/async) now reuse the API client's
underlying httpx client for file uploads.
> - **Connect client** (`e2b_connect/client.py`)
> - Add `_retry` decorator and apply to unary/server-stream methods;
simplify reconnection logic; minor typing/headers cleanups.
> - **Tests**
> - Add retry unit tests; introduce
`sandbox_factory`/`async_sandbox_factory` and a session `event_loop`;
refactor tests to use factories and shared transports; adjust tar
archive expectations.
> - **Misc**
> - Add `.editorconfig`, CLI `.envrc`, and changeset entries.
>
> <sup>Written by [Cursor
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---------
Co-authored-by: Tomas Valenta <valenta.and.thomas@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Mish <10400064+mishushakov@users.noreply.github.com>
This requires [infra#1448](https://github.com/e2b-dev/infra/pull/1448)
first.
<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
---
> [!NOTE]
> Adds support to override the sandbox API URL (E2B_SANDBOX_URL) across
JS/Python SDKs, centralizes sandbox host/url logic with headers, and
updates CI to build the SDK before CLI.
>
> - **SDKs (JS & Python)**
> - Add `sandboxUrl` support in `ConnectionConfig` (env var
`E2B_SANDBOX_URL`), with new helpers `getSandboxUrl`/`getHost` and
shared `envdPort`.
> - Refactor sandbox initialization to use
`ConnectionConfig.getSandboxUrl(...)` and `getHost(...)`.
> - Always attach sandbox headers `E2b-Sandbox-Id` and
`E2b-Sandbox-Port` to sandbox and connect requests.
> - Python: thread `sandbox_url` through opts; update async/sync connect
calls to pass headers; minor fix to default `headers=None` in
`e2b_connect.client.Client` stream prep.
> - **CI**
> - Build `packages/js-sdk` before `packages/cli`; set step
`working-directory` for build/test.
> - **Dependencies**
> - Point `e2b` dependency in lockfile to local `../js-sdk` link.
>
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---------
Co-authored-by: Mish <10400064+mishushakov@users.noreply.github.com>
Jakub Dobry